Mathematics

AAUW Selected Professions Fellowships: Awarded to women who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents and who intend to pursue a full-time course of study during the fellowship year in designated degree programs where women's participation traditionally has been low. Candidates in all programs except the master's in engineering and medicine are eligible to apply for support for the final year of study only and are expected to receive their degrees at the end of the fellowship year. Women pursuing master's in engineering programs are eligible to apply for either the first or final year of study. Women in medical programs may apply for either their third or final year of study. Doctoral candidates in engineering must be entering the final stages of writing their dissertations. Special consideration is given to applicants who show professional promise in innovative or neglected areas of research or practice in areas of public interest.
http://www.aauw.org/fga/fellowships_grants/selected.cfm

AFCEA Fellowships: Awarded to full-time postgraduate students who have earned Master's degrees or the equivalent and who are currently enrolled in a doctoral degree program in electrical, electronic, chemical or communications engineering, physics, math, or computer science. The dissertation title or abstract of the specific area of research is required.
http://www.afcea.org/education/
scholarships_details.asp?ID=7

AFCEA Ralph W. Shrader Scholarships: Scholarships of $3,000 each will be awarded to full-time postgraduate students currently working toward a master's degree in electrical, computer, chemical or aerospace engineering, mathematics, physics, computer science, computer technology, electronics, communications technology, communications engineering, or information management.
http://www.afcea.org/education/
scholarships_details.asp?ID=6

ASA/NSF Research Fellowship Programs: The program is designed to provide the selected Fellows and Associates with research opportunities or experience in the application of statistical theory in all phases of large scale agricultural survey operations, including design, collection, quality control, forecasting, estimation, and analysis.
http://www.amstat.org/research_grants/

Department of Energy Advanced Scientific Computing Research: Applied Mathematics: Research on the underlying mathematical understanding and numerical algorithms to enable effective description and prediction of physical systems such as fluids, magnetized plasmas, or protein molecules. This includes, for example, methods for solving large systems of partial differential equations on parallel computers, techniques for choosing optimal values for parameters in large systems with hundreds to hundreds of thousands of parameters, improving our understanding of fluid turbulence, and developing techniques for reliably estimating the errors in simulations of complex physical phenomena.
http://www.science.doe.gov/production/grants/progdesc.html

DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship: This program works to identify and provide support for some of the very best computational science graduate students in the nation. Program of study must include computer science, mathematics, and a science or engineering.
http://www.krellinst.org/csgf/index.shtml

Gates Millennium Scholars: Established to provide outstanding African American, American Indian/Alaska Natives, Asian Pacific Islander Americans, and Hispanic American students with an opportunity to complete an undergraduate college education, in all discipline areas and a graduate education for those students pursuing studies in mathematics, science, engineering, education, or library science. The goal of GMS is to promote academic excellence and to provide an opportunity for thousands of outstanding students with significant financial need to reach their fullest potential.
http://www.gmsp.org/publicweb/Scholarships.aspx

IBM Herman Goldstine Postdoctoral Fellowship in Mathematical Sciences: Postdoctoral Fellowship for research in mathematical and computer sciences. The fellowship provides scientists of outstanding ability an opportunity to advance their scholarship as resident department members at the Research Center. The department provides an atmosphere in which basic research is combined with work on technical problems arising in industry. Candidates must have a doctorate and no more than five years of postdoctoral professional experience (with a preference for less) when the fellowship commences.
http://www.research.ibm.com/math/goldstine.html

National Physical Science Consortium (NPSC) Graduate Fellowships in the Physical Sciences: Annual fellowship program to support Ph.D.-track students in the physical sciences and related engineering fields, with special emphasis on supporting women and minority students who, historically, have been underrepresented in the research community. Fields of study include: astronomy, chemistry, computer science, geology, materials science, mathematical sciences, physics, and engineering fields, including chemical, computer, electrical, environmental, and mechanical.
http://www.npsc.org/students/info.html

National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships: Fellowships are awarded for graduate study leading to research-based master's or doctoral degrees in the mathematical, physical, biological, engineering, and behavioral and social sciences, including the history of science and the philosophy of science, and to research-based Ph.D. degrees in science education.
https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/jsp/homepage/postdoc_fel.jsp

National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowships: Offers postdoctoral funding opportunities for mathematics and sciences.
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/education.jsp?org=NSF&fund_type=2

NSF Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education: Supports fellowships and associated training that will enable graduate students and advanced undergraduates in the sciences, mathematics, engineering, and technology to serve as resources in K-12 schools. Proposals may be submitted only by academic institutions that grant master's or doctoral degrees in the sciences, mathematics, engineering, or technology.
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=5472

SIAM Student Paper Prize: Recognizes outstanding scholarship by students in applied mathematics or computing. Eligibility is restricted to students in good standing who have not received their Ph.D. at the time of submitting their entry or who have completed their degree within one year of submission of their entry.
http://www.siam.org/prizes/sponsored/modeling.php

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women in Science Research Fellowships and Travel Award

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women in Science Research Fellowships and Travel Award: Vessa Notchev Fellowships

Sloan, Alfred P. Foundation: Fellowships for faculty in chemistry, computer science, economics, mathematics, neuroscience, and physics; postdoctoral fellowships for career transitions into computational molecular biology from physics, mathematics, computer science, chemistry, and related fields; Sloan Industry Center Fellowships, Education and Careers in Science and Technology; Ph.D.’s for underrepresented minorities fellowships also available.
http://www.sloan.org/main.shtml

United Negro College Fund Special Programs Corporation: Annual fellowship program to increase the number of women, minorities, and people with disabilities participating in math, science, engineering, and technology disciplines of interest to NASA. Fields of study include: Aeronautics/aerospace, astronomy, bioengineering, biology, chemistry, computer science, earth sciences, engineering, environmental sciences, life sciences, materials sciences, mathematics, meteorology, physical sciences, physics, and science education.
http://www.uncfsp.org/

U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Argonne National laboratory: Nonproliferation Graduate Program: Annual internship program to support students interested in exploring a career in the field of nuclear nonproliferation with DOE or other U.S. government agencies. Current placements are in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Washington, D.C. Fields of study include: Peace studies, science and technology studies, engineering, political science, public policy, physical sciences, social sciences, international affairs, economics, international business, and other relevant fields.
http://www.dep.anl.gov/p_shared/gusnef/gusnef.htm