Social Sciences

AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowship Program: If you have a PhD or an equivalent degree in one of the social, physical or biological sciences, or are an engineer with a master's degree and at least three years of post-degree professional experience, you are eligible to apply for a one-year AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowship. The prestigious fellowship programs are designed to provide each qualified individual with a unique public-policy learning experience and to bring technical backgrounds and external perspectives to decision-making in the U.S. government. AAAS is proud to sponsor these programs to facilitate science/government interaction.
http://www.fellowships.aaas.org/

AAAS Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellows Program: AAAS Fellows use their academic training in the sciences as they research, write, and report today's headlines, sharpening their abilities to communicate complex scientific issues to non-specialists. Applicants must be enrolled as college or university students (in their junior or senior years, or in any graduate or post-graduate level) in the natural, physical, health, engineering, or social sciences in order to apply.
http://www.aaas.org/programs/education/MassMedia/

Association for Women in Science (AWIS)

Defense Policy Fellowship Program

Diplomacy Fellowship Program: Fellows work in international affairs on scientific and technical subjects for one year, either in foreign policy at the U.S. Department of State, in international development for the U.S. Agency for International Development, in international economic and agricultural development at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or in international health at Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health. Applications are invited from individuals in any physical, biological, or social science, any field of engineering or any relevant interdisciplinary field.
http://fellowships.aaas.org/02_Areas/02_index.shtml#2

Javits, Jacob K. Fellowship Program: Fellowship for first year graduate students, graduate study leading to doctoral degree, or Master of Fine Arts (MFA). Twenty percent of fellowships awarded in social sciences, 20% in arts, 60% in humanities.
http://www.ed.gov/programs/jacobjavits/index.html

Mayo, Clara Grants in Support of Masters’ Theses and Pre-Dissertation Research on Sexism, Racism, or Prejudice: Preference given to students enrolled in a terminal master's program. Studies of the application of theory or the design of interventions or treatments to address these problems are welcome.
http://www.spssi.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewpage&pageid=727

Michigan Society of Fellows: Each year the Society selects four outstanding applicants for appointment to three-year fellowships in the arts and humanities, in the social, physical and life sciences, and in the professional schools.
http://www.rackham.umich.edu/Faculty/society.html

National Institutes of Health Institutional Research Training Grants: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) will award National Research Service Award (NRSA) Institutional Training Grants (T32) to eligible institutions to develop or enhance research training opportunities for individuals, selected by the institution, who are training for careers in specified areas of biomedical, behavioral, and clinical research. The purpose of the NRSA program is to help ensure that a diverse and highly trained workforce is available to assume leadership roles related to the Nation's biomedical and behavioral research agenda. Accordingly, the NRSA program supports predoctoral, postdoctoral, and short-term research training experiences.
http://grants.nih.gov/training/nrsa.htm

National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships: Fellowships are awarded for graduate study leading to research-based master's or doctoral degrees in the mathematical, physical, biological, engineering, and behavioral and social sciences, including the history of science and the philosophy of science, and to research-based Ph.D. degrees in science education.
http://www.nsfgradfellows.org/

Revelle, Roger Fellowship in Global Stewardship Program: Fellows will work for one year in an environmental policy area, domestic or international, within the Congress, a relevant executive branch agency, or elsewhere in the policy community. Applicants must be U.S. citizens with a Ph.D. in any biological, physical, or social science, plus at least three years of relevant post-degree professional experience. Applications are invited from candidates in any physical, biological, or social science, any field of engineering, or any relevant interdisciplinary field.
http://fellowships.aaas.org/02_Areas/02_Global_Stewardship.shtml

Social Science Research Council: Sponsors fellowship and grant programs on a wide range of topics, and across many different career stages. Most support goes to predissertation, dissertation, and postdoctoral fellowships, offered through annual competitions. Some programs support summer institutes and advanced research grants. Although most programs target the social sciences, many are also open to applicants from the humanities, the natural sciences, and relevant professional and practitioner communities.
http://www.ssrc.org/fellowships/?Predissertation

U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Argonne National laboratory: Nonproliferation Graduate Program: Annual internship program to support students interested in exploring a career in the field of nuclear nonproliferation with DOE or other U.S. government agencies. Current placements are in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Washington, D.C. Fields of study include: Peace studies, science and technology studies, engineering, political science, public policy, physical sciences, social sciences, international affairs, economics, international business, and other relevant fields.
http://www.dep.anl.gov/p_shared/gusnef/gusnef.htm

von Humboldt, Alexander Foundation TransCoop Programme: The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation supports transatlantic research cooperation among German, American and/or Canadian scholars (Ph.D. required) in the humanities, social sciences, economics, and law by means of the TransCoop Programme.
http://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/programme/stip_aus/transcoop.htm